a) Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl₂ + H₂

b) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl₂ + H₂

_____0,15<-0,3<----0,15<---0,15

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%Fe=\dfrac{0,15.56}{12}.100\%=70\%\%\\\%Cu=100\%-70\%=30\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

c) m_HCl = 0,3.36,5 = 10,95 (g)

=> \(m_{dd}=\dfrac{10,95.100}{10}=109,5\left(g\right)\)

d) mdd  = 12 + 109,5 - 0,15.2 = 121,2 (g)

 \(C\%\left(FeCl_2\right)=\dfrac{0,15.127}{121,2}.100\%=15,718\%\)

a: \(Cu+2HCl->CuCl_2+H_2\)

\(Fe+2HCl->FeCl_2+H_2\)

Gọi số mol Al, Mg là a, b (mol)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

            a--------------->a------>1,5a

            Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl₂ + H₂

             b--------------->b---->b

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1,5a+b=0,6\\133,5a+95b=55,2\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> a = 0,2 (mol); b = 0,3 (mol)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2.27}{0,2.27+0,3.24}.100\%=42,857\%\\\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,3.24}{0,2.27+0,3.24}.100\%=57,143\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Al\\Mg\end{matrix}\right.+HCl->\left\{{}\begin{matrix}AlCl3\\MgCl2\end{matrix}\right.+H2\)

2Al + 3HCl -> 2AlCl3 + 3H2

0,2      0,3                      0,3

Mg + 2HCl -> MgCl2 + H2

0,3      0,6                     0,3

=> mHCl dùng = 0,9 . 36,5 = 32,85 (g)

=> mH2 = 0,6 . 2 = 1,2 (g)

Bảo toàn khối lượng :

=> mX = 55,2 + 1,2 - 32,85 = 23,55 (g)

Ta có :

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x+2y=1,2\left(bt-e\right)\\133,5x+95y=55,2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\left(mol\right)\\y=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%mAl=\dfrac{0,2.27}{0,2.27+0,3.24}=42,85\%\\\%mMg=100\%-42,85\%=57,15\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

a, \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)

\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)

b, 24n_Mg + 27n_Al = 6,12 (1)

Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Mg}+\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)

Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=0,12\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=0,12\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,12.24}{6,12}.100\%\approx47,06\%\\\%m_{Al}\approx52,94\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

a. PTHH : Mg + 2HCl ➝ MgCl₂ + H₂ (1)

b. theo bài : nH₂ = 3,36 : 22,4 = 0,15 (mol)

theo (1) nMg = nH₂ = 0,15 (mol)

➞ mMg = 0,15 ✖ 24 = 3,6 (g)

➞ %mMg = (3,6 : 5)✖100 = 72%

➞ %mCu = 100% - 72% = 28%

c. theo (1) nHCl = 2nH₂ = 2✖0,15 = 0,3 (mol)

mHCl = 0,3✖36,5 = 10,95(g)

➜mddHCl = (10,95✖100):14,6 = 75(g)

d. dung dịch Y : MgCl₂

mdd_(spư)= 3,6+75-0,3 = 78,3(g)

theo (1) nMgCl₂ = nH₂ = 0,15(mol)

mMgCl₂ = 0,15✖95 = 14,25(g)

C%MgCl₂ = (14,25 : 78,3)✖100 = 18,199%

a.b.\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{16}{160}=0,1mol\)

\(Fe_2O_3+3H_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2Fe+3H_2O\)

  0,1        0,3                0,2            ( mol )

\(V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72l\)

c.\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{125.14,6\%}{36,5}=0,5mol\)

\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

0,2  <   0,5                              ( mol )

0,2                         0,2       0,2     ( mol )

\(m_{FeCl_2}=0,2.127=25,4g\)

\(m_{ddspứ}=\left(0,2.56\right)+125-0,2.2=135,8g\)

\(C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{25,4}{135,8}.100=18,7\%\)

\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{16}{160}=0,1\left(mol\:\right)\\ Fe_2O_3+3H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Fe+3H_2O\) 
0,1          0,3      0,2 
=> \(m_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\) 
\(m_{HCl}=125.14,6\%=18,25\left(g\right)\) 
\(m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2\left(g\right)\)
Fe + 2HCl →FeCl₂ +H₂ 

\(C\%=\dfrac{11,2}{18,25}.100\%=61,3\%\)
 

a)

$Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2$
$FeO + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2O$

b)

Theo PTHH : $n_{Fe} = n_{H_2} = \dfrac{3,36}{22,4} = 0,15(mol)$
$m_{Fe} = 0,15.56 = 8,4(gam)$
$m_{FeO} = 12 - 8,4 = 3,6(gam)$

$n_{FeO} =0,05(mol)$
Theo PTHH : $n_{HCl} = 2n_{Fe} + 2n_{FeO} = 0,4(mol)$

$V_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{0,4}{2} = 0,2(lít)$

c) $Fe + CuSO_4 \to FeSO_4 + Cu$

$n_{Cu} = n_{Fe} = 0,15(mol) \Rightarrow m_{chất\ rắn} = m_{FeO} + m_{Cu}$

$= 3,6 + 0,15.64 = 13,2(gam)$

n_H2=0.56:22,4=0,025 mol 
Fe+H₂SO₄----->FeSO₄+H₂ 
2AL+3H2SO4----->AL2(SO4)3 +3H2 
Gọi x,y làn lượt là số mol Fe và AL 
ta có hệ pt 
$\{\begin{array}{c}56x+27y=0,83\\ x+1,5y=0,025\end{array}$
$\{\begin{array}{c}x=0,01mol\\ y=0,01mol\end{array}$
m_Fe=0,01.56=0,56 g 
m_Al=0,83-0,56=0,27 g 
%mFe=(0,56:0,83).100=67,47% 
%m_Al=100-67,47=32,53%

\(\text{Đặt }\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ a,PTHH:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\end{matrix}\right.\\ b,\text{Theo đề ta có HPT: }\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+56y=8,3\\\dfrac{3}{2}x+y=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\left(mol\right)\\y=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%_{Al}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot27}{8,3}\approx32,53\%\\\%_{Fe}\approx67,47\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(c,\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{AlCl_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{FeCl_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{AlCl_3}=0,1\cdot133,5=13,35\left(g\right)\\m_{FeCl_2}=0,1\cdot127=12,7\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\sum m_{muối}=13,35+12,7=26,05\left(g\right)\)